Accounting's Four Golden Rules: A Complete Guide to Financial Keeping records
At the heart of financial accounting are the four golden rules of accounting, which provide a framework for accurately and systematically tracking a company's financial transactions. This comprehensive guide tackles these rules and demystifies the world of financial records.
1. The
Golden Rule of Wealth: Trust what comes in, trust what goes out.
Assets are the lifeblood of any business and include everything from cash and
inventory to real estate and equipment. According to the first golden rule,
assets become a liability the moment you join a company. Conversely, assets are
credited when they expire. These rules form the basis for accurately recording
changes in the value and composition of a company's assets.
2. The
Golden Rule of Debt: Credit what comes in and debit what goes out.
Debt represents a company's obligations and liabilities, and the second golden
rule states that when a debt increases (incurs), it is credited. Conversely,
when a liability decreases (extinguishes), it is recorded as a debit. This
regulation ensures that a company's obligations are accurately reflected in its
financial records.
3. The
Golden Rule of Income: Credit all income and debit all expenses.
Revenue and expenses are at the heart of a company's financial health. The
third golden rule simplifies recording your income and expenses. All sources of
income are credited and all expenses are debited. This rule lays the foundation
for tracking a company's profitability by tracking its revenue sources and cost
structure.
4. The Golden
Rule of Stocks: Deposits and Withdrawals Equity represents
ownership of a company. The fourth golden rule focuses on the capital account
and states that contributions are credited and withdrawals are debited. This
rule accurately represents changes in capital that reflect owners' investments
and withdrawals from the company.
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